Certified Information Systems Auditor Practice Exam 2025 - Free CISA Practice Questions and Study Guide

A lack of adequate controls in an information system signifies vulnerability. In the context of information security, controls are necessary safeguards implemented to protect data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. When these controls are insufficient or missing, the systems are exposed to various risks that could lead to unauthorized access, data breaches, or other security incidents.

Vulnerability highlights the weaknesses that can be exploited by threats, and it is critical for organizations to identify and address these weaknesses through robust control measures. The presence of vulnerabilities can lead to significant operational, legal, and reputational damage, underscoring the importance of comprehensive control frameworks to minimize risks associated with information systems.

Other options may relate to different aspects; for instance, increased efficiency could be misconstrued if inadequate controls allow for faster processing. However, that efficiency would likely come at the cost of security. Data accuracy and system reliability also require adequate controls; without them, data can become corrupted, and systems may fail to function as intended. Thus, the most direct representation of the consequences of lacking adequate controls is the concept of vulnerability.